Wikipedia

Kuching

Kuching tauka Nengeri Kuching (Urup Jawi: كوچيڠ) ianya, indu nengeri sereta bandaraya ti pemadu besai ba Sarawak ti bepalan ba Malaysia Timur. Nengeri tu mega nyadi indu Begian Kuching. Nengeri tu bepalan ba Sungai Sarawak ba ujung barat daya negeri Sarawak ba pulau Borneo ti nyengkaum pemesai 431 kilometer persegi (166 bt2) enggau pemayuh orang urung 631,000. [6]

Kuching
Indu nengeri enggau Indu pelilih menua
Mengeri Kuching
  1. REDIRECT Templat:nobold
Other transcription(s)
 • Jawiکوچيڠ‎
 • Cina古晋 (Simplified)
古晉 (Traditional)
Gǔjìn (Hanyu Pinyin)
From top, left to right:
Kuching skyline from Sungai Sarawak, the Sarawak State Museum, Fort Margherita, The Astana, the Darul Hana bridge near State Assembly building, Chinatown, and iconic cat statues.
Official seal of Kuching
Commission of the City of Kuching North
Official logo of Kuching
Kunsil Nengeri Kuching Selatan
Nickname(s): 
"Cat City",
Bandaraya Perpaduan (City of Unity)
Kuching is located in Sarawak
Kuching
Kuching
Location of Kuching in Sarawak
Kuching is located in Malaysia
Kuching
Kuching
Kuching (Malaysia)
Kuching is located in Southeast Asia
Kuching
Kuching
Kuching (Southeast Asia)
Kuching is located in Asia
Kuching
Kuching
Kuching (Asia)
Coordinates: 01°33′27″N 110°20′38″E / 1.55750°N 110.34389°E / 1.55750; 110.34389
Country Malaysia
Negeri Sarawak
BegianKuching
Pelilih MenuaKuching
Ditubuhka Kesultanan Brunei1827
Diperintah James Brooke18 Ogos 1842
Status munisipaliti1 Januari 1953
Status nengeri1 Ogos 1988
Government
 • TypeKunsil Nengeri
 • BodyCommission of Kuching North City Hall
Council of the City of Kuching South
 • Mayor of Kuching NorthHilmy Othman
 • Mayor of Kuching SouthWee Hong Seng
Pemesai
[1]
 • City of Kuching450.02 km2 (173.75 sq mi)
 • Metro
2,770.90 km2 (1,069.85 sq mi)
 • Kuching North378.20 km2 (146.02 sq mi)
 • Kuching South71.82 km2 (27.73 sq mi)
Elevation
[2][3]
8 m (26 ft)
Highest elevation
[4]
810.2 m (2,658.1 ft)
Lowest elevation
0 m (0 ft)
Penyampau mensia
 (2021)[5]
 • City of Kuching402,738
 • Pemadat754.33/km2 (1,953.7/sq mi)
 • Metro
723,854
 • Metro density336.8/km2 (872/sq mi)
 • Demonym
Kuchingite / Orang Kuching
 (Sourced from Department of Statistics Malaysia (DoSM), 2022)
Time zoneUTC+8 (MST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+8 (Not observed)
Postal code
93xxx
Area code(s)082 (landline only)
Vehicle registrationQA and QK (kena semua perengka jalai kechuali teksi)
HQ (kena teksi aja)
WebsiteKuching North: dbku.sarawak.gov.my
Kuching South: mbks.sarawak.gov.my

Kuching nyadi indu nengeri Sarawak ketiga maya taun 1827 iya nya jemah perintah Empayar Brunei. Dalam taun 1841, Kuching nyadi indu Perintah Sarawak sepengudah kandang menua ba kandang menua nya diserahka ngagai James Brooke ketegal ti udah mantu empayar Brunei dalam ngemuntanka sebengkah penyarut kelebih agi ari raban bansa Bidayuh ti diau di pedalaman Borneo ti udah nya nyadi nembiak taluk iya sepengudah mayuh sida diampun iya lalu enggau sepiak iya. Nengeri tu terus nerima perati enggau pemansang maya perintah Charles Brooke baka ngaga sistem sanitasyen, sepital, rumah jil, kubu, enggau bazar. Dalam taun 1941, perintah Brooke bisi ngatur Pengerami Seratus Taun di Kuching. Maya Perang Dunya Kedua, Kuching dipegai soldadu Jepun ari taun 1942 ngagai 1945. Perintah Jepun numbuhka Kem Batu Lintang semak Kuching, endur ngetan orang tangkap perang enggau orang awam ke ditan. Udah perang, nengeri nya mengkang idup. Taja pia, Rajah Sarawak ke penudi iya nya Sir Charles Vyner Brooke mutuska deka nyerahka Sarawak nyadi sebagi ari Koloni Mahkota British dalam taun 1946 suba. Kuching mengkang nyadi indu nengeri maya jeman Koloni Mahkota. Pengudah Malaysia ditumbuhka dalam taun 1963, Kuching mengkang ngetanka status indu nengeri lalu diberi status mengeri besai dalam taun 1988. Kenyau ari nya, nengeri Kuching dibagi ngagai dua pelilih menua perintah ti diatur dua bengkah opis ke bebida Mohd Azri Bin Subohi. Pusat perintah nengeri Sarawak bepalan ba Wisma Bapa Malaysia, Kuching.

Mengeri Kuching sebuah palan ke besai endur begigaka pemakai sereta nyadi kaban Rangkaian Bandar Kreatif UNESCO ari baruh bidang gastronomi.[7] Mengeri Kuching mega nyadi pintu penama besai ngagai bala pejalai nemuai ngagai Sarawak enggau Borneo.[8] Taman Negara Tanah Paya Kuching bepalan urung 30 km (19 batu) ari nengeri tu lalu mayuh palan dagang temuai bukai di dalam enggau ngelingi Kuching baka Taman Negara Bako, Palan Jelu Siga Semenggoh, Pesta Muzik Dunya Kampung Ujan (RWMF), begunan DUN, Astana, Fort Margherita, Muzium Mayau Kuching, enggau Muzium Negeri Sarawak / Muzium Budaya Borneo. Nengeri tu udah nyadi siti ari palan industri enggau dagang besai di Malaysia Timur.[9][10]

Nama

edit

Nama "Kuching" udah dikena nengeri tu maya penatai James Brook ba taun 1839.[11][12] Mayuh amat teori pasal penatai nama "Kuching". Iya engka datai ari leka jaku Melayu "kucing" ke mai reti mayau, tauka ari Cochin, sebengkah palan penyangkai kapal dagang India ba Pantai Malabar enggau leka jaku suah dikena di China enggau India British ke mai reti pelabuhan dagang.[11] Sekeda artifak Hindu ulih dipeda sehari tu ba Muzium Negeri Sarawak.[13] Taja pia, malin bukai ngeripotka mengeri Kuching sebedau tu dikelala enggau nama “Sarawak” sebedau Brooke datai. Genturung pendiau nya diberi nama baru ngagai "Sarawak proper" maya pengerembai perintah. Baru dalam taun 1872 Charles Brooke nukar nama genturung pendiau nya ngagai "Kuching".[13][14]

Bisi siti teori ti enda tentu bepelasarka cherita pasal salah komunikasyen. Kenu ku jerita nya, James Brooke datai di Kuching ngena kapal layar iya Royalist. Iya lalu nanya orang asal endur nya iya pasal nama nengeri nya. Orang nya salah ngumbai Brooke nunjuk ngagai siku mayau, lalu nyebut leka jaku "Kuching". Penyalah teori tu iya nya orang Melayu Sarawak ngena leka jaku "pusak" ungkup mayau.[13] Taja pan bisi bida asal penatai nama tu, peranak Sarawak udah ngambi jelu nya nyadika lambang mengeri sida, lalu iya bisi ayan dalam patung sereta mega lambang kaunsil perbandaran - chunto canting heraldik.

Sekeda malin madahka asal nama nengeri tu datai ari buah "mata kucing" (Euphoria malaiense),[note 1][note 2] siti buah ti mayuh tumbuh ba menua Malaysia enggau Indonesia.[15] Bisi mega siti bukit ba nengeri nya ke diberi nama buah nya, iya nya dikumbai Bukit Mata Kuching. Harriette McDougall nulis ngagai anak iya dalam abad ke-19, madahka nama nya datai ari batang ai ti sama nama, dikumbai “Sungai Kuching”.[11][16] Ba lambar 64 dalam bup Bampfylde enggau Baring-Gould taun 1909 ‘A History of Sarawak under its Two White Rajahs’, ditulis: “Kuching, indu nengeri Sarawak, dikumbai baka nya ari sungai mit ti mansa nengeri tu ngagai sungai besai.” …” Batang ai nya bepalan ba kaki Bukit Mata Kuching enggau ba mua Kuil Tua Pek Kong. Dalam taun 1950-an, sungai tu nyadi enda dalam amat laban bisi deposit lumpur ba sungai nya. Sungai nya udah nya diisi ngambika bisi jalai alun.[13]

Bisi teori bukai madahka asal nama Kuching datai ari leka jaku China "Ku" (古)- Lama enggau "Ching" (井) - Telaga ke nyadi "telaga lama" (古井) dalam jaku China. Maya perintah Brooke, nadai bekal ai lalu penyakit ke dibai ai suah nyadi. Dalam taun 1888, epidemik nyadi ti udah nya dikelala enggau nama "Epidemik Kolera Besai". Sebuah telaga ke bepalan ba China Street kemaya hari tu di Main Bazaar mantu ngelaban penyakit nya nengah chara nyendiaka bekal ai beresi. Berindik ari peminta bekal ai ti majak nambah, pengawa telaga nya udah nya diganti enggau palan meresi ai ba Jalai Bau.[13][17]

Sejarah

edit

Templat:Further

 
Kuching udah nya ditumbuhka nyadi penuduk perintah Brooke baruh pegai James Brooke.

Sarawak kala nyadi sebagi ari Empayar Brunei kenyau ari perintah kesultanan Brunei keterubah iya nya Sultan Muhammad Shah. Kuching nyadi indu nengeri ketiga Sarawak, ditumbuhka pengari Sultan Brunei, Pengiran Indera Mahkota dalam taun 1827.[18] Sebedau numbuhka Kuching, dua bengkah indu nengeri Sarawak suba iya nya Santubong, ditumbuhka Sultan Pengiran Tengah dalam taun 1599, enggau Lidah Tanah, ditumbuhka Datu Patinggi Ali ba pun taun 1820-an.[18] Pengawa numbuhka Kuching diperansang ketegal tetemuka bijih timah antimon ba ulu sungai Sarawak dalam taun 1924, ti bisi peminta tinggi ba makit Singapura ke besemak.[19] Sebengkah repot Belanda nyebut bisi diau kira-kira seratus iku borang ansa Melayu enggau tiga buah rumah bansa China di menua nya enda lama sebedau Kuching ditumbuhka.[19] Penatai Mahkota enda dikerinduka bala tuai-tuai bansa Melayu setempat, ti alai kuasa autonomi sida disekat Mahkota ti majak nambah chukai enggau peminta pengereja pengawa. Bala tuai-tuai pindah ke ulu sungai, bekaban enggau bansa Dayak, lalu ngelaban menua Brunei. Nadai sepiak-sepiak nya ulih bulih pengelebih ari sepiak-sepiak nyentuk ngagai taun 1840 lebuh Pengiran Raja Muda Hashim, Menteri Besai Brunei, meri awak nyerahka pengawa nyadi gabenor Sarawak ngagai petualang British James Brooke dikena ngulihka bantu iya ngalahka bala tuai-tuai pemberontak.[19]

Pengiran Raja Muda Hashim udah nya nyerahka kandang menua nya ngagai James Brooke nyadika upah laban udah mantu iya ngelaban pengawa ngelaban.[20] Pengawa ngelaban nya diputarka dalam bulan November 1840, lalu kena 24 September 1841, Brooke dipadu nyadi Gabenor Sarawak enggau gelar Rajah.[20] Iya enda dipadahka nyentuk ngagai 18 Ogos 1842, berindik ari Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin II ngesahka pengawa gabenor, lalu minta Brooke mayar penyampau $2,500 ninting taun ngagai Sultan.[20] Kenyau ari maya nya kandang menua Kuching lalu nyadi penuduk perintah Brooke.[21]

 
Rumah jil nengeri Kuching bepalan ba tisi begunan Square Tower dalam taun 1896 suba.
 
Children are pulled through the city's streets by a coolie, c. 1919.

Perintah nya udah nya diteruska anak menyadi iya, Charles Brooke. Nyadi indu nengeri perintah, iya mega nyadi palan perati enggau pemansang.[12] Pengawa ngemanahka agi nyengkaum sistem sanitasyen.[12] Datai ba taun 1874, mengeri tu udah nembuka sekeda pemansang, nyengkaum ngaga sepital, rumah jil, Fort Margherita, enggau mayuh begunan bukai.[12]

Bini Charles Brooke, dalam memoir iya (My Life in Sarawak), nyengkaum penerang pasal Kuching tu:

The little town looked so neat and fresh and prosperous under the careful jurisdiction of the Rajah and his officers, that it reminded me of a box of painted toys kept scrupulously clean by a child. The Bazaar runs for some distance along the banks of river, and this quarter of the town is inhabited almost entirely by Chinese traders, with the exception of one or two Hindoo shops....Groceries of exotic kinds are laid out on tables near the pavement, from which the purchasers make their choice. At the Hindoo shops you can buy silks from India, sarongs from Java, tea from China and tiles and porcelain from all parts of the world, laid out in picturesque confusion, and overflowing into the street.[12][22]

— Margaret Brooke, wife of Charles Brooke.

Astana, ti diatu nyadi palan pengentap pendiau rasmi Gabenor Sarawak, digaga berimbai enggau palan pengentap pendiau keterubah Brooke. Iya ngasuh begunan tu digaga dalam taun 1869 nyadika pemeri tikah ngagai bini iya.[23][24] Kuching majak mansang di baruh Charles Vyner Brooke, ti nganti apai iya nyadi Rajah Ketiga Sarawak.[20] Dalam taun 1941, Kuching nyadi palan endur ngintu Taun Seratus taun Perintah Brooke.[25] Beberapa bulan udah nya, perintah Brooke datai ba pengujung iya lebuh Jipun nguasa Sarawak.[20]

 
Siti pemandang jalai bandar Kuching enda lama sepengudah Jepun nyerahka diri, gambar diambi kena 12 September 1945.
 
Sekeping propaganda Jipun dalam urup Jawi ditemu ba mengeri nya sepengudah mengeri nya dirampas sedadu Australia.

Maya Perang Dunya Kedua, enam platun infantri ari 2/15 Rejimen Punjab diengkah ba Kuching dalam bulan April 1941.[26] Rejimen nya ngetanka padang bilun Kuching enggau Bukit Stabar ari ke dirusak Jipun.[26] Pengawa ngetan tebal agi dipejalaika ba Kuching enggau Miri.[26] Taja pia, kena 24 Disember 1941, Kuching udah dialahka soldadu Jipun. Sarawak diperintah nyadi sebagi ari Empayar Jipun sepengelama tiga taun lapan bulan, nyentuk ke penyerah rasmi Jipun kena 11 September 1945. Penyerah rasmi disain ba HMAS Kapunda di Kuching.[27][28][29] Berengkah ari bulan Mac 1942, Jepun bejalaika kem Batu Lintang, ungkup POW enggau interne awam, 5 km (3.1 bt) luar Kuching.[30]

Pengudah Perang Dunya Kedua abis, nengeri nya agi idup lalu nadai rusak sepenuh iya.[31] Rajah ketiga enggau kepenudi, Sir Charles Vyner Brooke ludah nya nyerahka Sarawak ngagai Mahkota British kena 1 Julai 1946.[32][33] Maya timpuh Koloni Mahkota, perintah gawa ngemansang sereta ngemanahka infrastruktur ba Sarawak.[28] Kuching diidupka baru nyadi indu nengeri Sarawak ari baruh perintah koloni British.[34] Lebuh Sarawak begulai enggau Borneo Utara, Singapura sereta Persekutuan Tanah Melayu numbuhka Persekutuan Malaysia dalam taun 1963,[35] Kuching ngetanka status nyadi indu nengeri lalu diberi status mengeri kena 1 Ogos 1988.[36][37] Kuching ngasaika pemansang ke lebih agi sepemanjai taun nyadi indu nengeri. Kena 29 Julai 2015, Kuching ditukuka nyadi "Mengeri Penyerakup" ari One Malaysia Foundation ketegal pengelantang bansa ti bisi di mengeri tu ketegal pengawa jadi melaki bini entara bansa, sekula pupu bansa, agih sekulasip ti adil, enggau gaya pengereja pengawa ti seimbang.[38][39]

Pemerintah

edit
 
Opis Kandang Menua ti mungkur Kuching Besai enggau penyampau pemesai 2030.94 kilometer persegi:
  Dewan Bandaraya Kuching Utara (DBKU)
  Majlis Bandaraya Kuching Selatan (MBKS)
  Kunsil Kandang Nengeri Padawan (MPP)
  Kaunsil Mengeri Kota Samarahan (MPKS, formerly MDS)

Nyadi indu nengeri Sarawak, Kuching bejalaika tanggungpengawa ti beguna dalam pengelantang politik enggau ekonomi peranak serata nengeri tu laban nyadi penuduk perintah nengeri ke alai nyau deka semua opis menteri enggau ejensi sida bepalan. Aum Kunsil Negeri Sarawak bepalan ba Petra Jaya.

Bisi 5 iku Kaban Parlimen (MPs) ngarika lima bengkah sitak parlimen enggau dua belas ADUN Negeri ba Dewan Undangan Negeri ti ngarika dua belas sitak DUN di pelilih Kuching.

Sitak Parlimen Sitak DUN
P.193 Santubong N.3 Tanjung Datu (within Lundu district), N.4 Pantai Damai, N.5 Demak Laut
P.194 Petra Jaya N.6 Tupong, N.7 Samariang, N.8 Satok
P.195 Bandar Kuching N.9 Padungan, N.10 Pending, N.11 Batu Lintang
P.196 Stampin N.12 Kota Sentosa, N.13 Batu Kitang, N.14 Batu Kawah
P.198 Puncak Borneo N.18 Serembu (within Bau district), N.19 Mambong, N.20 Tarat (within Serian Division)

Opis kandang menua enggau definisyen nengeri

edit

Kuching semina siti aja nengeri di Malaysia ti dipegai dua iku Datuk Bandar;[18] nengeri tu dibagi ngagai Kuching Utara enggau Kuching Selatan.[40] Tetiap bengkah tu dipegai seiku Datuk Bandar ungkup Kuching Selatan enggau komisioner ungkup Kuching Utara.[10] Komisioner ke diatu ungkup Kuching Utara nya Datu Junaidi Reduan, ti ngambi alih pengawa tu ari Datuk Haji Abang Abdul Wahab Abang Julai maya 31 Ogos 2019 seraya Datuk Wee Hong Seng nyadi Datuk Bandar Kuching Selatan ke baru ba taun 2019, nganti Dato' James Chan Khay Syn.[41] Nengeri tu bulih status nengeri maya 1 Ogos 1988,[36] lalu kenyau ari nya dipegai Dewan Bandaraya Kuching Utara (DBKU) enggau Majlis Bandaraya Kuching Selatan (MBKS).

Nengeri tu ditukuka dalam garis entara Pelilih Menua Kuching. Enggau pemesai 1,868.83 kilometer persegi, iya nyadi pelilih menua pemadu mayuh mensia di Sarawak.[42] Kandang menua nya udah nya dibagi ngagai dua pelilih mit iya nya Kuching enggau Padawan. Kuching nyengkaum kandang mengeri enggau bagi menua utara Kunsil Kandang Nengeri Padawan (baka Batu Kawah, Matang Jaya), seraya pelilih mit Padawan[note 3] (menua selatan Kaunsil Kandang Nengeri Padawan) nyengkaum Kota Padawan, Teng Bukap enggau Punchak Borneo (Mambong). Kandang endur begulai Dewan Bandaraya Kuching Utara, Majlis Bandaraya Kuching Selatan, Kaunsil Kandang Nengeri Padawan, enggau Majlis Perbandaran Kota Samarahan dikelala enggau nama Kuching Besai.[1][43]

Geografi

edit
 
Panorama Nengeri Kuching

Kuching bepalan ba tebing Sungai Sarawak ba bagi menua barat laut pulau Borneo.[44] Sekat Bandaraya Kuching nyengkaum semua kandang endur nya ba Pelilih Menua Kuching ti ngundan kandang endur kira-kira 431.01 km2 (166.41 bt2) disekat ari Gunung Lasak ba Muara Tebas ngagai Batu Buaya ba semenanjung Santubong berindik ari siri tanda tisih baka ti dipadahka dalam Jadual Keterubah Ordinan Bandaraya Kuching, 1988.[45] Nyadi pengawa ngemudahka undang-undang, garis entara mengeri Kuching mungkur ari Padang Bilun Antarabansa Kuching di selatan ngagai tebing tasik utara semenanjung Santubong enggau Bako; ari Taman Negara Tanah Paya Kuching di barat ngagai muara Sungai Kuap di timur.[45] Sungai Sarawak mechahka mengeri tu ngagai Utara enggau Selatan. Titik pemadu tinggi ba mengeri tu iya nya Gunung Santubong ba semenanjung Santubong, iya nya 810.2 m (2,658 ka) ari tikas tasik, bepalan 35 km utara pusat nengeri.[4] Urbanisasyen jampat udah nyadi di Kuching Besai lalu pengerembai mengeri tu ngerembai ngagai Penrissen, Kota Sentosa, Kota Padawan, Batu Kawah, Matang, Samariang, Siburan, Tarat, Kota Samarahan, Asajaya sereta mega Serian ke bepalan urung 65 km ari Kuching.

Klimat

edit

Kuching ngembuan klimat kampung ujan tropika (Klasifikasyen klimat Köppen Af), sederhana angat tang balat lembap kadang-kadang sereta nerima ujan ti mayuh.[46] Pukul rata penyampau ujan ninting taun iya nya urung 4,200 mm (170 in).[47] Kuching nyadi kandang endur ke pemadu basah (pukul rata) di Malaysia enggau pukul rata 247 hari ujan setaun. Kuching semina nerima panchar mata panas 5 jam sehari pukul rata lalu pukul rata semina 3.7 jam panchar mata panas sehari ba bulan Januari (bulan pemadu basah dalam setaun).[48] Maya ke pemadu basah iya nya maya bulan Monsun Timur Laut ari bulan November ngagai Februari lalu bulan ke pemadu kering ba mengeri tu iya nya bulan Jun nyentuk Ogos. Penyampau pengangat di Kuching iya nya ari 19 °C (66 °F) nyentukka 36 °C (97 °F) tang pukul rata pengangat nengeri tu iya nya 23 °C (73 °F) maya tumu pagi lalu angkat ngagai urung 33 °C (91 °F) maya ngalih hari.[49] Pengangat tu mengkang nyau deka sebaka sepemanjai taun enti iya enda dikeruga ujan bangat enggau angin ke balat maya tumu pagi ti tau mai pengangat nurun ngagai 19 °C (66 °F), tang utai tu enda selalu nyadi.[46]

Templat:Kuching weatherbox

Demografi

edit

Leka jaku "Kuchingite" udah dikena ngumbai orang Kuching, taja pan leka jaku tu enda rasmi.[23] Tang, chara ke pemadu mudah deka ngumbai orang Kuching iya nya "orang Kuching"

Raban bansa

edit
Persin raban bansa ba Kuching (2022)[50]
Raban bansa Persin
Melayu
 
 36.2%
China
 
 34.1%
Iban
 
 20.5%
Bidayuh
 
 4.9%
Ke bukai
 
 3.6%

Ba pun taun 2022, Opis Statistik Malaysia (DoSM) ngeripotka Kuching ngembuan penyampau tubuh 402,738 iku. Penyampau tubuh peranak mengeri besai (Kuching Utara, Kuching Selatan, enggau Padawan) tebal agi ari bansa Melayu (146,067), China (138,620), Iban (82,743), Bidayuh (20,065), peranak ukai peranak Malaysia (5,048), Bumiputera Sarawak ke bukai Ulu) (4,076), Melanau (1,840) enggau India (3,257), enggau urung seribu iku raban bukai (1,022).[50] Bansa China ditumbuhka ari bansa Hokkien, ke mayuh diau ba kandang mengeri enggau ba sub-nengeri.[51] Sub-raban bansa China ke bukai iya nya Foochow, Hainan, Teochew, Kanton, Hakka enggau Henghua.

Bidayuh, Dayak, Iban enggau Orang Ulu mayuh megai pengarap Kristian (taja sekeda orang mengkang megai pengarap Animisme), seraya orang China mayuh megai pengarap Buddha, Tao tauka Kristian; majoriti orang Melayu enggau Melanau nya Islam, lalu sekeda orang Hindu enggau Sikh, enggau penyampau sekularis ke mimit, mega bisi ngelingi mengeri nya.

Bisi penyampau tubuh ke ukai peranak menua nya, ke tebal agi datai ari pelilih menua Kalimantan ti bekunsi garis menua enggau menua Malaysia, ke tebal agi sida nya pengereja pengawa migran.[52][53] Kenyau ari jeman British, mimit aja orang Asia Selatan—kelebih agi, orang Pakistan—diau ba mengeri tu, lalu pengidup sida kelebih agi bejualka gari enggau rempah.[54] Migran bukai ke datai maya jeman British nyengkaum Bugis ari Hindia Timur Belanda, enggau bansa bukai ari menua sepiak Belanda Borneo.[55] Nyadi sebuah mengeri ti ngembuan mayuh macham raban bansa, pengawa jadi melaki bini entara bansa (entara sida ti bebida bansa) suah nyadi di Kuching, lalu mengeri nya empu nyadi palan lebih 30 bansa ti bebida.[56][57]

  • Palan pengarap ba Kuching
  •  
    Katedral St. Joseph (Roman Katolik)
  •  
    Katedral St. Thomas (Anglikan)
  •  
    Masjid Nengeri Kuching
  •  
    Tepikung Hong San Si
  •  
    Kuil Sri Srinivasagar Kaliamman

Jaku

edit
Peda mega: Sarawak Malay

Kelimpah nyadi indu nengeri Sarawak, Kuching nyadi palan dagang enggau palan budaya ungkup peranak Melayu.[58] Dialek Jaku Melayu ti dikena di Kuching dikelala enggau nama Bahasa Melayu Sarawak (Jaku Melayu Sarawak).[59] Dialek ba Kuching bebida ari ti dikena tauka didinga di Miri.[59] Ketegal penyampau tubuh kedua pemadu mayuh di Kuching ditumbuhka ari bansa China Han, jaku China mega suah dikena kelebih agi jaku Hokkien enggau Mandarin.[60] Nyauka semua peranak menua nya ulih bejaku English.[61] Sepenyampau sekula khas enggau peribit nyendiaka pengawa ngajar jaku English (kelebih agi ungkup nembiak ke kaya enggau/tauka ekspatriat), entara kus jaku luar bukai ke ulih ditemu nengah mengeri.[62]

Ekonomi

edit
 
Kuching nyadi palan komersial ba Sarawak.

Kuching siti ari batang palan industri enggau komersial ungkup Sarawak. Mayuh bank komersial renggat nengeri, renggat menua, enggau entarabansa, sereta sekeda kompeni insurans, ngintu indu opis enggau opis korporat sida dia. Ekonomi dikuasa sektor primari, lalu diatu dikuasa industri bepelasarka pelajar tinggi, laban perintah nengeri merambu Sarawak diubah nyadi nengeri ke lebih mansang manggai ba taun 2020.[10][63][64]

Bisi tiga kandang endur industri besai ba nengeri tu iya nya Estet Industri Kuching—Pending (industri champur enggau lempung), Taman Industri Demak Laut (industri bechampur, lempung enggau sederhana) sereta Zon Industri Bibas Sama Jaya (industri teknologi tinggi, komputer enggau elektronik).[65] Tu dikena nyungkak aktiviti komersial enggau industri mengeri tu, lalu nyadika iya palan penumbuh besai di Malaysia Timur, pia mega ungkup BIMP-EAGA (Kandang Endur Pemesai ASEAN Timur Brunei-Indonesia-Malaysia-Philippines).[64] Kuching udah ngatur mayuh bengkah aum nasional, pelilih menua enggau antarabansa, kongres enggau bansal dagang, baka Forum Dagang Global Malaysia,[66] Aum Ketuai Pagila,[67] Kongres Dunya Gerempung Kuasa Hidro Antarabansa (IHA),[68] Forum Dagang Temuai ASEAN,[69] enggau Aum Jalai Asia.[70] Nangkanka nya, Kuching dipilih nyadi tuai rumah tetap Festival enggau Anugerah Filem Antarabansa ASEAN (AIFFA) dua taun sekali.[71] Pengawa tu suah diatur ba Palan Konvensyen Borneo.

Lembaga Pengkalan Kapal Kuching (KPA) ti ditumbuh dalam taun 1961 berengkah bejalaika operasyen ba Pengkalan Kapal Tanah Puteh (Pelabuhan Sim Kheng Hong) dalam taun 1975 enggau kapasiti ninting taun sepenyampau 350,000 tan. Operasyen iya udah nya dipindahka ngagai terminal Pending enggau Senari, enggau kapasiti ninting taun 2.9 juta tan enggau 7 juta tan. Templat:Proper name mega megai Jeti Minyak Biawak, ti nguruska produk petroleum.[72][73][74]

Ari segi sejarah, bansa China udah mayuh meri bantu ngagai ekonomi mengeri tu kenyau ari pemindah sida maya timpuh Kesultanan Brunei, sepengudah tetemuka bijih timah antimoni, lalu pia mega maya pentadbiran Charles Vyner Brooke (ti meransang imigresyen bansa China ketegal nanam lada chelum).[11]

Perengka jalai

edit

Tanah

edit
 
Jalai alun nengeri Kuching
 
Jalai aspal baru ti nyambung menua pesisir enggau mengeri.

Jalai alun, jalai raya enggau jalai besai Kuching dikemataka siti ari dua kaunsil kandang menua iya nya DBKU (Dewan Bandaraya Kuching Utara) enggau MBKS (Majlis Bandaraya Kuching Selatan), tauka Opis Kereja Raya nengeri tu. Jalai ke dikemataka jabatan ke penudi tu, amt iya nya jalai nengeri tauka jalai perintah besai.

Tebal agi jalai dalaman ke besai iya nya jalai kerita dua kali. Kuching disambung nengah jalai alun ngagai mengeri bukai dalam Sarawak, ketebal agi nengah jalai perintah besai. Mengeri tu mega tebilang enggau mayuh bengkah jalai bulat nyengkaum ke pemadu tuai sereta besai iya nya Jalai Bulatan Datuk Abang Kipali Bin Abang Akip.[75] Jalai bulat nya biasa iya diperambu sereta efisyen dikena napi penyekut jalai alun.[75][76] Taja pia, lampu trafik suah agi dikena diatu laban trafik ba mengeri tu majak nambah.

Ketegal Kuching bepalan semak enggau khatulistiwa, lubang ngembuan ulah mansang ba jalai alun maya musin monsun, selalu iya ujung taun, ketegal beserimbai enggau musin chelap ba Hemisfera Utara. Jalai ke nuju luar mengeri ngagai kandang menua ke lebih menua pesisir bisi kurang mimit kualiti, bekaul enggau pengawa ngintu, tang diatu benung diangkatmanah.[77] Jalai-jalai alun ari Kuching nyengkaum:

Perengka jalai awam

edit
Taxi
edit
 
Teksi ba mengeri tu dichat ngena chura mirah enggau kuning.

Bisi dua bansa teksi ti beoperasyen dalam kandang mengeri tu: teksi standard iya nya kerita ti dicat mirah enggau kuning. Teksi ti besai mimit, dicat chura biru, bisi disediaka mega; tu nyamai agi, tang mar mimit (nya alai dikelala enggau nama "teksi eksekutif").[78] Dalam taun 2014, sebengkah app nempah teksi telefon pintar, GrabTaxi, dilanchar lalu nyadika Kuching kandang menua kelima (pengudah Lembah Klang, Cyberjaya, Putrajaya, enggau Johor Bahru) bulih penguntung ari servis enggau bungkur app nya.[79]

Bas
edit
Artikel batang: Transportation in Sarawak § Kuching, Samarahan bus route
Bas Seperis
edit
Artikel batang: Transportation in Sarawak
Jalai Beoperasyen Operator
Kuching-Serian-Sarikei-Sibu-Bintulu-Miri Bintang Jaya, MTC, Sungei Merah, EVA Express, BusAsia, Freesia
Kuching-Kapit BusAsia
Bas Nengeri
edit
Lum. Jalai Jalai Beoperasyen Operator Jaku tangkan
1 Kuching-Bako BusAsia Bako National Park
6A Kuching-Bako-Muara Tebas BusAsia Bako National Park
2 Kuching-Bau Bau Transport Co.
B2 Kuching-Bau CPL
3A Kuching-Serian CPL
3AC Open Air Market, Kuching-Serian BusAsia
K5 Kuching-BDR, Baru Samariang CPL Kuching North City Hall, Kuching Cat Museum
K6 Kuching-Semenggoh CPL
K7 Kuching-Taman Malihah CPL
K8 Kuching-Tabuan Jaya, Stutong CPL BDC, The Indonesian Consulate General in Kuching
K10 Kuching-Kota Samarahan CPL Boulevard, Kuching Sentral, Kota Sentosa
10A Kuching-Kota Samarahan BusAsia Boulevard, Kuching Airport, Kuching Sentral, Kota Sentosa
K11 Kuching-Tabuan Dayak CPL Kenyalang, King Center
K12 Kuching-Kota Samarahan-Asajaya-Sadong Jaya CPL
K18 Kuching-Batu Kawa, MJC, Desa Wira CPL RPR Batu Kawa
K21 Kuching-Politeknik CPL Kubah National Park, Kubah Ria, Matang
K26 Kuching-Batu Kawa-Bau-Lundu-Sematan CPL
101 Damai Loop Sarawak Metro
101 Downtown Heritage Loop Sarawak Metro Jalan Satok
103 Sarawak State Legislative (DUN) - Semenggoh Wildlife Center (Orangutan)

Dewan Undangan Negeri Sarawak (DUN) - Pusat Hidupan Liar Semenggoh Orangutan 砂拉越州立法議會- 實蒙谷人猿猩猩野生動物中心 [80]

Kuching Metro Kuching North City Hall, Kuching Cat Museum
Bas nengeri tauka Bas Seperis mengkang bedau terang
edit
Artikel batang: Transportation in Sarawak
Lum. Jalai Jalai beoperasyen Operator Jaku Tangkan
K25 Kuching-Sri Aman CPL

Penyangkai bas besai iya nya Kuching Sentral, dibuka dalam taun 2012,[81] bepalan ba selatan mengeri—kira-kira 5 minit pejalai ari Padang Bilun Antarabansa Kuching enggau 20 minit ari tengah mengeri.[82] Penyangkai tu nyadika palan pemungkal pejalai jauh ngagai Brunei, Sabah, enggau Kalimantan Barat, Indonesia.[83] Sebengkah agi terminal bas iya nya Terminal Bas Lama Kuching, ti semina beoperasyen laban sekeda kompeni bas enggau deriba diripotka udah enggai ngena perengka guna Kuching Sentral ti baru agi, ketegal kebuah ti enda dipadahka tauka enda ditemu.[84] Servis bas mini enggau van carpool bukai mega bisi disediaka ba mengeri tu.

Ai

edit
 
Sebengkah sampan kayu beatap tradisional, batang perengka pengangkut ai di Kuching.

Kuching, baka tebal agi mengeri di Sarawak bisi sambung ngagai palan mengeri enggau genturung pendiau ke bukai nengah perengka pengangkut ai. Entara tebing Sungai Sarawak, besemak enggau tengah mengeri, mayuh ‘tambang’ (sampan kayu beatap tradisional) ulih dipeda mai penumpang ari siti tebing sungai ngagai tebing sungai siti.[40][85] Ngagai sida ke diau ba tebing sungai, nya jalai pandak dikena datai ba city-proper. Dermaga ungkup bot ekspres ke meri servis perengka pengangkut ke jauh agi baka Sibu enggau Bintulu, bepalan ba timur mengeri ba Palan Penyangkai Kapal Sim Kheng Hong (sebedau tu dikelala enggau nama Palan Penyangkai Kapal Tanah Puteh) di Pending.[86][87]

Angin

edit
 
Padang Bilun Entarabansa Kuching maya malam hari.

Padang Bilun Entarabansa Kuching (KCH) (ICAO Code : WBGG) nyadi pintu besai ungkup penumpang bilun. Sejarah padang bilun tu berengkah ari taun 1940-an lalu kemaya hari tu padang bilun tu udah ngasaika mayuh pengawa ngemansangka baru ke besai.[88] Terminal padang bilun tu dirintai nyadi padang bilun keempat pemadu kiruh di Malaysia nitihka penyampau pejalai penumpang dalam taun 2013.[89] Kenyau ari taun 2009, padang bilun tu jampat mansang enggau penyampau penumpang sereta pejalai bilun ti majak nambah. Iya nyadi hab sekunder ungkup Malaysia Airlines[90] enggau AirAsia[91] sereta nyadi hab ketiga ungkup MASWings,[92] ti meri servis penerebai bilun ngagai mengeri mit agi enggau menua pesisir di Malaysia Timur.

Utiliti bukai

edit

Kort enggau penerit undang-undang

edit

Kompleks kort ke diatu bepalan ba Petra Jaya.[93][94] Iya ngundan Kort Tinggi, Kort Sesi, enggau Kort Majistret.[95] Siti agi kot Syariah enggau adat asal mega bisi ba nengeri nya.[96][97] Indu Opis Kontinjen Polis Sarawak bepalan ba Jalai Badruddin.[98] Semina bisi siti indu opis pelilih di mengeri tu iya nya indu opis polis Pelilih Menua Kuching ke bepalan ba Jalai Simpang Tiga.[99][100] Kompleks Jil Kuching bepalan ba Jalai Puncak Borneo.[101] Lokap sementara tauka sel jil ditemu ba tebal agi balai polis ngelingi mengeri tu.

Pengerai

edit
Peda mega: List of hospitals in Malaysia
 
Sepital Besai Sarawak

Bisi mayuh bansa servis pengerai di mengeri tu, baka sepital mensia mayuh ke besai, klinik pengerai mensia mayuh, klinik pengerai ke bukai, klinik mindah kin kitu, servis lutur terebai, klinik kampung, enggau klinik 1Malaysia.[102] Sepital besai iya nya Sepital Besai Sarawak ti nyadi sepital pemadu tuai kenyau ari taun 1923. Sebuah agi sepital iya nya Sepital Pengingat Rajah Charles Brooke.[103] Sepital Sentosa (Sepital Mental Sentosa) dibuka dalam taun 1958, nyendiaka servis psikiatri ungkup serata nengeri lalu dikelala nyadi sepital kedua pemadu tuai di Sarawak pengudah sepital besai.[104]

Palan Pakar Perubat Normah di Petra Jaya iya nya sepital peribit pemadu besai (130 katil) di Sarawak.[105] Kelimpah ari nya, tiga fasiliti pengerai peribit besai bukai iya nya Palan Perubat Borneo enggau (120 katil),[106] Palan Perubat Timberland enggau (100 katil),[107] enggau Pengintu Pengerai KPJ enggau (75 katil).[108] Sepital Pakar Kuching ke bepalan ba BDC diperambu deka muka operasyen ngagai mensia mayuh ba taun 2020, enggau kapasiti 70 katil.

Pelajar

edit
Peda mega: List of schools in Sarawak
 
Universiti Teknologi Swinburne Kampus Sarawak.

Ba mengeri tu, semua sekula ari baruh Sistem Pelajar Menua (kategori institusyen pelajar perintah), diatur Opis Pelajar Gabungan Kuching (Pejabat Pelajaran Gabungan Kuching). Mayuh sekula perintah tauka nengeri dalam enggau ngelingi mengeri tu. Baka sekula Malaysia ke bukai, sekula di mengeri tu dibagi ngagai empat renggat pelajar — pra-sekula, primari, sekondari (baruh enggau atas) enggau pasca-sekondari (enda nyengkaum pelajar tinggi). Entara sekula asrama ke tegap sereta beprestij di mengeri tu iya nya Sekolah Menengah Sains Kuching ke bepalan ba Batu Kawa enggau Sekolah Menengah Sains Kuching Utara ke bepalan ba Matang Jaya.[109] Sekula sekondari perintah ke bukai nyengkaum sekeda ti pemadu tuai sereta dikelala iya nya SMK St.Joseph, SMK St.Thomas, SMK St.Teresa enggau SMK St.Mary sereta mega ke bukai baka SMK Greenroad, Kolej Datu Patinggi Abang Haji Abdillah, SMK Tun Abang Haji Openg, SMK Batu Lintang, enggau SMK Padungan.[109] Kuching ngembuan 4 ari 14 buah sekula bibas China di Sarawak. Sekula-sekula nya tadi Sekula Sekondari Chung Hua No. 1 (古晋中华第一中学), Sekula Sekondari Chung Hua No. 3 (古晋中华第三中学), Sekula Sekondari Chung Hua No. 4 (古晋中华第四中学) enggau Sekula Sekondari Min Lit Batu Kawa Min Lit (石角民立中学).[110] Bisi mega tiga buah sekula entarabansa di Kuching iya nya Sekula Entarabansa Tunku Putra .,[111] Sekula Entarabansa Lodge[112] enggau Sekula Entarabansa Borneo. Sekula swasta ke bukai di Kuching iya nya Sekula Sunny Hill[113] enggau Sekula Peribit St Joseph.[114]

Diatu bedau bisi kampus universiti awam di Kuching, kelimpah ari begunan Fakulti Perubatan enggau Sains Pengerai Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS) ti bepalan sepiak Sepital Besai Sarawak. Perintah nengeri Sarawak mindahka kampus universiti awam (Universiti Teknologi MARA) ti kepenudi agi tinggal ari Kuching ngagai Kota Samarahan ba taun 1997 dalam inisiatif timpuh panjai ngubah Kota Samarahan nyadi hab pelajar.[115] Mengeri Kuching bisi tiga buah universiti peribit iya nya Universiti Teknologi Swinburne Kampus Sarawak, seiti aja kampus pampang Universiti Teknologi Swinburne di luar Australia; Kolej Eksekutif enggau; enggau Universiti UCSI, Kampus Sarawak ti endur Fakulti Hospitaliti enggau Pengurusan. Sebengkah politeknik enggau kolej komuniti, kededua dikelala enggau nama Politeknik Kuching Sarawak enggau Kolej Komuniti Kuching mega bepalan ba mengeri tu.

 
Kolej SEGi Sarawak.

Kolej peribit ke bukai ulih ditemu nengah mengeri enggau tebal agi kolej nya anak kompeni ari universiti enggau kolej universiti ke ditumbuhka di Malaysia Barat, baka Kolej SEGi, Sarawak, Kolej Sunway Kuching, Limkokwing Borneo, PTPL Sarawak, Universiti Tebuka Wawasan, Universiti Terbuka Malaysia , enggau Kolej Twintech Sarawak. Bisi institusyen peribit bejalaika program francais ari universiti penuh (kelimpah ari bejalaika kus diri empu) baka Kolej SATT (ngaga program francais ari Universiti Teknologi MARA) enggau Institut Pengurusan Dinamik, Sarawak (ngaga program francais ari Universiti Tun Abdul Razak ). Kolej Teknologi Lanjutan Antarabansa Sarawak tauka ICATS iya nya sebengkah institusyen ti ditumbuhka nyadi inisiatif perintah nengeri dikena ngangkatka pelajar latih teknikal enggau vokasional ba raban nembiak ke udah abis sekula.[116] Kolej tu ditumbuhka ari perengka guna Kolej INTI Sarawak suba.[117] Dipejalai sebuah anak kompeni enggi perintah menua, ICATS ngemeratka pengawa ngasilka modal mensia ungkup sektor hi-tech, kelebih agi ungkup pemansang Koridor Kuasa Ulih Dikena Baru Sarawak.[118]

Librari

edit
 
Librari Negeri Sarawak

Librari Negeri Sarawak nyadi palan sumber pemadah ke besai lalu nyendiaka servis pemadah ngagai sektor mensia mayuh enggau peribit.[119] Librari tu ungkup Kuching enggau kandang menua luar nyadi palan nyimpan rekod mensia mayuh. Kelimpah ari nya, iya ngatur, matau, sereta ngemudahka operasyen 36 buah librari kampung di nengeri tu ti dipelanja Librari Nasional Malaysia.[120]

Librari mensia mayuh ke bukai di Kuching nyengkaum Librari Bandaraya DBKU[121] enggau librari kampung baka di Bandar Baru Samariang, Kampung Samariang Lama, enggau Taman Sepakat Jaya.

Adat, rekreasyen sereta lumba enggau main

edit

Pekara ti narit ati enggau palan rekreasyen

edit

Adat

edit
 
Begunan Muzium Negeri Sarawak digaga Rajah Charles Brooke dalam taun 1891 lalu digaga bepelasarka arkitektur balai raya Normandy.[122]

Kuching ngintu sekeda muzium ti mandangka budaya enggau sejarah iya. Muzium Nengeri Sarawak, sebengkah ari muzium ke pemadu manah di Asia lalu dikelala nyadi begunan Kuching ke pemadu tuai sereta besejarah, ti mandangka koleksyen bansa asal di Sarawak.[123][124][125] Betentang terus enggau Muzium Sarawak iya nya Muzium Budaya Borneo ti nganti Dewan Tun Abdul Razak. Muzium Budaya Borneo (dibuka kena 9 Mac 2022) iya nya sebuah begunan lima ringkat moden enggau langkar arkitektur ti nyelai ti mandangka pengelandik jari asal Sarawak ti nyelai sereta pesaka budaya ti kaya.[126] Seraya ke bepalan betul-betul ba belakang Muzium Budaya Borneo iya nya Muzium Pesaka Islam.

Muzium bukai di Kuching nyengkaum Muzium Sejarah China, Muzium Kucing Kuching, Muzium Kayu Sarawak enggau Muzium Tekstil Sarawak. Mengeri Kuching mega nyadi palan endur ngaga planetarium keterubah di Malaysia,[127] Planetarium Sultan Iskandar ti besepiak enggau Palan Sivik Kuching.

Palan besejarah

edit
 
Astana, siti ari palan sejarah ba mengeri tu.

Tanda enggau palan sejarah ti narit ati di Kuching nyengkaum Astana (istana Rajah Putih suba lalu diatu nyadi palan pengentap pendiau rasmi Yang di-Pertua Negeri Sarawak), enggau Fort Margherita.

Jalai ke pemadu tuai di Kuching iya nya Main Bazaar, iya nya rintai rumah kedai China abad ke-19 ke bepalan ba sepemanjai Tebing Ai Kuching ti ngabas Sungai Sarawak. Iya nyendiaka konsentrasi kedai antik enggau kraf jari ke pemadu manah di mengeri tu. Bazaar Besai nya sebagi ari mengeri lama Kuching, ke mega nyengkaum Jalai Carpenter enggau Jalai India.[128] Begunan lama Courthouse, ti bepalan ba entara Carpenter Street enggau India Street, udah diubah enggau besai lalu diatu endur kompleks Lembaga Dagang Temuai Sarawak.[129] Sekeda kandang endur bukai ti narit ati ngelingi pelilih dagang tengah nya nyengkaum Jalai Padungan, iya nya Chinatown Kuching.[130] Ba taun 2014, jaku tangkan minta Monumen Bersejarah Kuching dipasukka dalam rintai pesaka dunya dibantaika ngagai mensia mayuh.[131] Dalam taun 2017, siti pansik udah dipejalaika bekaul enggau peluang mengeri Kuching dichalun dalam rintai pesaka dunya.[132]

 
Darul Hana Bridge at night

Palan penyaga

edit

Sepenyampau palan lepa enggau palan ngintu rampa menua ulih ditemu di Kuching. Taman Negara Talang-Satang ditumbuh enggau tuju keterubah iya nya ngintu populasyen penyu tasik Sarawak.[133] Iya mungkur semua pemesai urung 19,400 hektars (47,938 ekars), lalu mungkur semua tanah ke baruh ari tanda ai pasang ba pulau-pulau nya empu.[134] Taman tu mega mungkur garis pantai enggau tasik ngelingi empat buah pulau pantai barat daya Sarawak; Talang Besar, Talang Kecil ari Sematan, enggau Satang Besar enggau Satang Kecil ari Santubong, semak Kuching.[133] Empat iti "Pulau Penyu" tu megai tanggungpengawa ngagai 95% ari semua endur penyu bedarat di Sarawak lalu taman tu mega nyengkaum Palan Pengelikun Jelu Siga Pulau Tukong Ara-Banun, dua iti pulau mit ti nyadi palan nyabung ti beguna ungkup koloni penyu ti bekekang enggau penyu bepunggung burak.[134]

Damai siti ari palan ngelantangka ati ba pantai Sarawak bepalan ba Semenanjung Santubong, urung 35 minit pejalai ari Kuching.[135] Kandang endur nya bisi pantai pasir ba kaki bukit ti dibungkur utan ti ngerinduka ati. Damai ngembuan tiga buah hotel resort tikas dunya baka Resort Pantai Damai, Resort enggau Spa Damai Puri sereta One Hotel Santubong.[136] Tetiap palan ngelantangka ati bisi pantai peribit kediri empu, kolam renang sereta bisi nyendiaka jet-ski, ski ai, ngelayang angin, basikal gunung, tenis, squash enggau palan pengerai tubuh. Pia mega bisi padang golf 18 lubang standard entarabansa ti digaga Arnold Palmer ti lagenda ti bepalan semak endur nya.[137] Pekara bukai ti narit ati nyengkaum Damai Central, Permai Rainforest Resort, Kampung Budaya Sarawak enggau kampung berikan ti ngantuk Santubong enggau Buntal enggau restoran pemakai tasik ti chukup manah.[135] Seraya ungkup temuai ti rinduka aktiviti pengembaraan, bisi aktiviti trekking ba Bukit Santubong.[136]

Kelimpah ari nya, Damai mega sebengkah ari palan di Sarawak endur meda empesut Irrawaddy laban jelu mamalia tu ulih dipeda ba sepemanjai Sungai Salak, muara Santubong enggau ba Teluk Bako-Buntal.[138] Semenanjung Santubong bisi nyendiaka sekeda palan endur meda burung enggau Gerempung Antarabansa BirdLife udah ngerejista selampur kandang endur ba Teluk Bako-Buntal nyadi ‘Kandang Endur Burung Penting’.[40] Entara bulan Oktober enggau Mac, Sungai Buntal nyadi palan ti beguna endur burung mindah maya musin chelap.[40] Burung ke udah dipeda Gerempung Rampa Menua Malaysia (Pampang Kuching) ba Buntal nyengkaum mayuh macham burung plover, sandpipers, egret, tern, enggau burung migran ke jarang ditemu bukai, lalu burung residen nyengkaum burung kingfisher ke bekolar, burung achang tasik perut putih, enggau layang-layang brahminy . .[139]

Taman Negara di Kuching nyengkaum Taman Negara Bako[140] enggau Taman Negara Tanah Paya Kuching[141] pia mega Palan Jelu Siga Semenggoh ti bejalaika program rumah anak patu balu enggau pemulihan orangutan.[142] Bela bisi semak enggau Kuching iya nya Taman Negara Gunung Gading[143] enggau Taman Negara Kubah.[144] Bepalan urung 40 minit pejalai ari Kuching iya nya Santubong, sebuah kandang endur ngelantangka ati ba pantai ti tampak sereta endur mayuh bengkah palan ngelantangka ati ba pantai ti bekualiti dunya. Pantai bukai ti besemak enggau Kuching iya nya Pantai Lundu enggau Pantai Sematan.[145] Resort Tanah Tinggi Borneo mega bisi semak dia, bepalan 1000-meter ari tikas tasik.[146]

Pemandang bukai

edit
 
Begunan Baru Aum Kunsil Negeri Sarawak.
 
Ex-Madrasah Melayu Kuching (ke diatu nyadi Muzium Pesaka Islam).

Tebing Ai Kuching iya nya sebuah jalai tebing sungai pemanjai 2 kilometer ti bepun ari hotel besai enggau palan komersial mengeri nyentuk ke tengah mengeri Kuching.[147] Digaga bala arkitek Sydney,[147] landskap tebing ai nya disediaka enggau langkau pemakai, restoran, bangku sereta meri pemandang ti manah ngagai Astana, Fort Margherita, enggau Begunan Baru Aum Kunsil Negeri Sarawak.[18] Tebing ai nya mega bisi menara pemerati, teater tebuka enggau pancur ai muzikal.[18]

Mural Orangutan Kuching nya gambar ti beguna amat ba sebuah kerita sorong ti diisi enggau lapan iku anak orangutan enggau siku agi anak orangutan ti berayun ari paip. Iya dilukis Ernest Zacharevic ba sepemanjai Power Street di mengeri nya kena 27 April 2014. Mural pemadu baru tu dilukis ngena gaya interaktif Zacharevic ke biasa, enggau kereta sorong ke bendar dibelah dua lalu ditanchang ba dinding ngambika mensia mayuh ulih ngambi gambar selfie seraya bepegai ba pegai iya. Ba lansa bukai, anak orangutan nya dilukis ba atas paku ba dinding, endur orang ulih ‘ngengkah’ barang ba jari iya.[148]

Lumba

edit
 
Stadium MBKS ba Bintawa.

Ba main bol, Kuching diarika Kuching City F.C., ke kala bemain ba Stadium Negeri Sarawak enggau Sarawak United F.C., ke kala bemain ba Stadium Sarawak.

Palan bebeli barang

edit
 
Medan Niaga Satok.
Peda mega: List of shopping malls in Malaysia

Kuching ngembuan sekeda palan bebeli barang. Tu nyengkaum VivaCity Megamall, Aeon Mall Kuching Central, The Spring, Plaza Merdeka, Farley Mall, CityONE Megamall, Kuching Sentral, Emart Lee Ling, Emart Batu Kawa, Emart Tabuan Jaya, Eco Mall, MetroMall, Aeroville Mall, Eastern Mall, Matang Mall, Sarawak Plaza, Riverside Shopping Complex, Majma' Mall, Moyan Square, Genesis Parade, Green Heights Mall, Wisma Saberkas, sereta mayuh agi ke bukai.[10] Mayuh agi palan bebelika barang deka dibuka ba mengeri tu lebuh pengawa ngaga majak dipejalai.[10] Pasar Ujung Minggu Satok bepalan ba Medan Niaga Satok lalu beoperasyen maya Hari Enam enggau Hari Enam. Mayuh macham sayur enggau buah ulih ditemu dia nyengkaum asil pengelandik jari bukai, asil kampung (baka madu kampung), utai tumbuh orkid, enggau mayuh macham pemakai snek enggau pemakai menua tu.[149]

Pemerindang

edit
Peda mega: List of cinemas in Malaysia
 
Pengawa mandangka wayang ba Kuching, c. 1919.

Bisi lima buah panggung wayang ke bepalan ngelingi mengeri tu, ke tebal agi bepalan ba dalam begunan palan bebelika barang (The Spring, CityONE, VivaCity, Riverside, Summer Mall). Tebal agi panggung wayang nya diempu Golden Screen Cinemas, MBO Cinemas, TGV Cinemas enggau mmCineplexes.[150] Bookaroo, sebengkah pengerami sastera anak mit, bejalai ari India ngagai Kuching kenyau ari taun 2016 lalu diatur dalam bulan April ba mengeri nya ninting taun ke ngayanka Bookaroo Kuching Fest. Pengerami tu ngelaluka pengarang, ilustrator, tukang cherita, enggau pemerindang ari serata dunya, ngansak bala nembiak mai bup enggau sida.[151][152]

Muzik

edit

Kenyau ari taun 1997, Kuching udah nyadi tuai rumah ngatur Festival Muzik Utan Ujan Dunya (RWMF), pengerami muzik ninting taun ti mai pemerindang enggau orang ke meda ngagai rantau tu ari serata dunya. Diatur Kampung Budaya Sarawak besemak enggau Gunung Santubong, pengerami tu diatu nyadi sebengkah ari pengerami muzik ke pemadu besai di Malaysia.[153][154][155] RWMF udah dipilih nyadi Top 25 Festival Antarabansa Pemadu Manah ari majalah Songlines ke bepalan ba Britain.[156]

Stesyen radio

edit

Stesyen radio muzik ke bisi ba nengeri Kuching iya nya Radio Klasik FM (87.6), Nasional FM (88.1), Sarawak FM (88.9), TraXX FM (89.9), Ai FM (90.7), Cats FM (99.3), Hot FM (94.3), Hitz (95.3), Era (96.1), My (96.9), Mix (97.7), One FM (98.3), Lite Sarawak (100.1), Bernama Radio (100.9), Wai FM (101.3), Sinar (102.1) and Melody (103.7).

Kaul entarabansa

edit
Peda mega: List of twin towns and sister cities in Malaysia

Sekeda bengkah menua udah numbuhka opis konsulat sida di Kuching, nyengkaum Australia,[157] Brunei,[158] China,[159] Denmark,[160] Peranchis,[161] Indonesia,[162] Poland[163] enggau United Kingdom.[164]

Nengeri menyadi

edit

Kuching diatu ngembuan dua belas iti nengeri menyadi:

Peda Mega

edit

Ralat Lua: bad argument #2 to 'title.new' (unrecognized namespace name 'Portal').

Malin

edit
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Briefing By The Mayor of Kuching North". Kuching North City Hall. Economic Planning Unit (Prime Minister's Department Malaysia). Diarkib ari asal on 19 December 2013. Diambi 19 December 2013.
  2. ↑ "Kuching, Malaysia - Weather History and Climate Data". World Climate. Diarkib ari asal on 1 December 2014. Diambi 28 March 2015.
  3. ↑ "Malaysia Elevation Map (Elevation of Kuching)". Flood Map : Water Level Elevation Map. Diarkib ari asal on 22 August 2015. Diambi 22 August 2015.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Kit, Lee Yu (20 January 2007). "Scaling Santubong". The Star (Malaysia). Diarkib ari asal on 28 March 2015. Diambi 28 March 2015.
  5. ↑ "Malaysia Population 2019". World Population Review. 4 February 2019. Diambi 19 April 2019.
  6. ↑ Kuching, Malaysia Metro Area Population 1950-2022 Diambi maya 28 September 2022
  7. ↑ "Kuching | Creative Cities Network". en.unesco.org. Diambi 2022-09-23.
  8. ↑ John Brunton (21 January 2017). "Kuching, Malaysia: what to see plus the best restaurants, hotels and bars". The Guardian. Diarkib ari asal on 31 December 2017. Diambi 31 December 2017.
  9. ↑ Raymond Frederick Watters; T. G. McGee (1997). Asia-Pacific: New Geographies of the Pacific Rim. Hurst & Company. pp. 311–. ISBN 978-1-85065-321-9.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 The Report: Sarawak 2008. Oxford Business Group. 2008. pp. 30, 56, 69 & 136. ISBN 978-1-902339-95-5.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 Penyalat nyebut: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernama RingSalkin1996
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 Trudy Ring; Noelle Watson; Paul Schellinger (12 November 2012). Asia and Oceania: International Dictionary of Historic Places. Routledge. pp. 866–. ISBN 978-1-136-63979-1. Diambi 18 July 2013.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 "Origin of Name - Kuching". Asia Tourism Alliance. Diarkib ari asal on 4 February 2015. Diambi 4 February 2015.
  14. ↑ Rowthorn C, Cohen M, Williams C. (2008). In Borneo. Ediz. Inglese Archived 16 Disember 2022 at the Wayback Machine. Lonely Planet. p. 162. Google Book Search. Retrieved 4 February 2015.
  15. ↑ Paulo Alcazaren (17 September 2011). "Truly cool Kuching". The Philippine Star. Diarkib ari asal on 6 June 2014. Diambi 6 June 2014.
  16. ↑ Sarawak Museum (1993). A brief history of Kuching. Sarawak Museum.
  17. ↑ Francis Chan, The Borneo Post, 1 September 2013
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 Pat Foh Chang (1999). Legends and History of Sarawak. Chang Pat Foh. ISBN 978-983-9475-06-7. Diambi 13 July 2012.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 CRAIG A. LOCKARD (1976). "THE EARLY DEVELOPMENT OF KUCHING, 1820—1857". Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. 49 (2): 107–110. JSTOR 41492141.
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 20.3 20.4 Faisal S. Hazis; Mohd. Faisal Syam Abdol Hazis (2012). Domination and Contestation: Muslim Bumiputera Politics in Sarawak. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. pp. 5–25–26–29. ISBN 978-981-4311-58-8. Diambi 18 July 2013.
  21. ↑ Borneo. Ediz. Inglese. Lonely Planet. 2008. pp. 162–. ISBN 978-1-74059-105-8. Diambi 18 July 2013.
  22. ↑ Margaret Brooke (1913). My Life in Sarawak. Methuen & Company, Limited. p. 62.
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 Charles De Ledesma; Mark Lewis; Pauline Savage (2003). Malaysia, Singapore and Brunei. Rough Guides. pp. 414–. ISBN 978-1-84353-094-7. Diambi 18 July 2013.
  24. ↑ Patricia Hului (16 September 2014). "The last goodbye". The Borneo Post Seeds. Diarkib ari asal on 31 December 2017. Diambi 31 December 2017.
  25. ↑ Steven Runciman (3 February 2011). The White Rajah: A History of Sarawak from 1841 to 1946. Cambridge University Press. pp. 248–. ISBN 978-0-521-12899-5. Diambi 18 July 2013.
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 26.2 Patricia Pui Huen Lim; Diana Wong (2000). War and Memory in Malaysia and Singapore. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. pp. 125–127. ISBN 978-981-230-037-9. Diambi 18 July 2013.
  27. ↑ "HMAS Kapunda". Royal Australian Navy. Diarkib ari asal on 4 June 2014. Diambi 4 June 2014.
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 Keat Gin Ooi (1 January 2004). Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to Timor. R-Z. volume three. ABC-CLIO. pp. 1177–. ISBN 978-1-57607-770-2. Diambi 18 July 2013.
  29. ↑ Jackson (9 March 2006). British Empire and 2ND Ww (E). Continuum. pp. 445–. ISBN 978-0-8264-4049-5. Diambi 18 July 2013.
  30. ↑ Keat Gin Ooi (1998). Japanese Empire in the Tropics: Selected Documents and Reports of the Japanese Period in Sarawak, Northwest Borneo, 1941 - 1945. Ohio Univ. Center for Internat. Studies. pp. 6–11. ISBN 978-0-89680-199-8.
  31. ↑ Yvonne Byron (1995). In Place of the Forest; Environmental and Socio-Economic Transformation in Borneo and the Eastern Malay Peninsula. United Nations University Press. pp. 215–. ISBN 978-92-808-0893-3.
  32. ↑ James Stuart Olson; Robert Shadle (1996). Historical Dictionary of the British Empire: A-J. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 200–. ISBN 978-0-313-29366-5. Diambi 18 July 2013.
  33. ↑ Gerard A. Postiglione; Jason Tan (2007). Going to School in East Asia. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 210–. ISBN 978-0-313-33633-1. Diambi 18 July 2013.
  34. ↑ Pat Foh Chang (1999). Legends and history of Sarawak. Chang Pat Foh. ISBN 978-983-9475-07-4. Diambi 18 July 2013.
  35. ↑ Boon Kheng Cheah (2002). Malaysia: The Making of a Nation. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. pp. 93–. ISBN 978-981-230-175-8. Diambi 18 July 2013.
  36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 "History". Council of the City of Kuching South. 14 Mei 2014. Diarkib ari asal on 15 Mei 2014. Diambi 16 Mei 2014.
  37. ↑ Kuching: towards a new horizon. Kuching Municipal Council. 1988. Diambi 18 July 2013.
  38. ↑ "Kuching to celebrate new status as 'City of Unity'". The Star (Malaysia). 31 July 2015. Diambi 31 August 2015.
  39. ↑ Blake, Chen (29 July 2015). "Kuching to be declared world's first 'City of Unity'". Free Malaysia Today. Diarkib ari asal on 22 August 2015. Diambi 31 August 2015.
  40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 40.2 40.3 Tamara Thiessen (2012). Borneo: Sabah - Brunei - Sarawak. Bradt Travel Guides. pp. 244–246–266. ISBN 978-1-84162-390-0. Diambi 20 July 2013.
  41. ↑ "CM: Wee Hong Seng appointed MBKS mayor, Junaidi Reduan new DBKU Datuk Bandar". The Borneo Post Online. 22 August 2019. Diambi 2020-10-24.
  42. ↑ "Sarawak : Population By Administrative District 2000 & 2010" (PDF). Sarawak Fact and Figures by State Planning Unit, Chief Minister's Department. Sarawak State Government. 2012. pp. 11/16. Diarkib ari asal (PDF) on 16 Oktober 2014. Diambi 6 Jun 2014.
  43. ↑ "Various Studies Aiming To Develop A Better Kuching (Greater Kuching Urban and Regional Study)". Shankland Cox Ltd. Sarawak State Government. Diambi 6 June 2014.
  44. ↑ Alastair Morrison (1 January 1993). Fair Land Sarawak: Some Recollections of an Expatriate Official. SEAP Publications. pp. 93–. ISBN 978-0-87727-712-5. Diambi 19 July 2013.
  45. ↑ 45.0 45.1 Penyalat nyebut: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernama ord
  46. ↑ 46.0 46.1 Thomas Cook. "Venture into Borneo" (PDF). Thomas Cook Tours. Diambi 10 November 2013. Borneo has a typically equatorial climate, with temperatures fairly constant throughout the year. (page 17)
  47. ↑ "Kuching, Malaysia Weather History and Climate Data". WorldClimate. Diarkib ari asal on 4 June 2014. Diambi 28 June 2008.
  48. ↑ "General Climate of Malaysia (Sunshine and Solar Radiation)". Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (Malaysia). Diarkib ari asal on 4 June 2014. Diambi 4 June 2014.
  49. ↑ Doreena Dominick; Mohd Talib Latif; Hafizan Juahir; Ahmad Zaharin Aris; Sharifuddin M. Zain. "An assessment of influence of meteorological factors on PM10 and NO2 at selected stations in Malaysia" (PDF). Department of Environmental Sciences (Universiti Putra Malaysia), Centre of Excellence for Environmental Forensics (Universiti Putra Malaysia), School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia) and Department of Chemistry (Universiti Malaya). Diarkib ari asal (PDF) on 10 November 2013. Diambi 10 November 2013.
  50. ↑ 50.0 50.1 "Population Distribution by Local Authority Areas and Mukims, 2022" (PDF). Statistics Department, Malaysia. December 2021. Diarkib ari asal (PDF) on 14 November 2014. Diambi 19 July 2013.
  51. ↑ Southeast Asian Exports Since the 14th Century: Cloves, Pepper, Coffee, and Sugar. Institute of Southeast Asian. 1 January 1998. pp. 68–. ISBN 978-981-3055-67-4. Diambi 19 July 2013.
  52. ↑ Tim Huxley (13 September 2013). Disintegrating Indonesia?: Implications for Regional Security. Routledge. pp. 79–. ISBN 978-1-136-04928-6.
  53. ↑ "Keeping tabs on illegal immigrants". New Straits Times. 22 August 1986. p. 6. Diambi 5 June 2014.
  54. ↑ Judith M. Heimann (1998). The Most Offending Soul Alive: Tom Harrisson and His Remarkable Life. University of Hawaii Press. pp. 270–. ISBN 978-0-8248-2199-9.
  55. ↑ Peter Sibon (8 December 2017). "Bugis in Sarawak also Malaysians — SBA chief". The Borneo Post. Diarkib ari asal on 31 December 2017. Diambi 31 December 2017.
  56. ↑ Damian Harper (2007). Malaysia, Singapore & Brunei. Ediz. Inglese. Lonely Planet. pp. 339–. ISBN 978-1-74059-708-1. Diambi 19 July 2013.
  57. ↑ Justin Calderon (14 April 2013). "Tourism through the eyes of Sarawak's 'big village'". Investvine. Diarkib ari asal on 28 May 2023. Diambi 20 July 2013.
  58. ↑ Idris Aman; Rosniah Mustaffa (2009). "Social Variation Of Malay Language In Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia: A Study On Accent, Identity And Integration" (PDF). GEMA Online Journal of Language Studies. Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities (National University of Malaysia). 9 (1): 66. ISSN 1675-8021. Diarkib ari asal (PDF) on 6 Jun 2014. Diambi 6 Jun 2014.
  59. ↑ 59.0 59.1 Paitoon M. Chaiyanara; Sanggam Siahaan; Hilman Pardede; Selviana Napitupulu; Basar Lolo Siahaan; Siska Anggita Situmeang. SIJLL (Singapore International Journal of Language and Literature). LLC Publishing. pp. 149–. ISSN 2251-2829. Diambi 20 July 2013.
  60. ↑ Richard L. Schwenk (1973). The Potential for Rural Development in the New Seventh Division of Sarawak: A Preliminary Background Report. Institute of Southeast Asian. pp. 18–. GGKEY:NGE9XLE3DRH. Diambi 20 July 2013.
  61. ↑ Nelson Alcantara (7 February 2014). "Kuching is as easy as ABC". eTurbo News. Diambi 7 June 2014.
  62. ↑ Heidi Munan (15 October 2009). CultureShock! Borneo: A Survival Guide to Customs and Etiquette. Marshall Cavendish International Asia Pte Ltd. pp. 113–. ISBN 978-981-4484-49-7.
  63. ↑ "Sarawak's Development Plans (Sectoral Shift, 1980 - 2010 ..from Primary to Secondary and Tertiary Sectors)" (PDF). State Planning Unit (Chief Minister's Department). United Nations Development Programme. 2 August 2012. p. 4. Diambi 7 June 2014.
  64. ↑ 64.0 64.1 "Sarawak State Planning Unit leads the way towards 2020 economic ambitions". Investvine. 19 December 2011. Diarkib ari asal on 14 July 2014. Diambi 7 June 2014.
  65. ↑ "Industrial Estate by Division". sarawak.gov.my. Official website of the Sarawak Government. Diarkib ari asal on 15 March 2015. Diambi 3 July 2015.
  66. ↑ "Delegate prospectus". Malaysia Global Business Forum. Diarkib ari asal on 14 March 2012. Diambi 28 January 2015.
  67. ↑ "Starbucks Coffee the official beverage at youth summit". The Borneo Post. Malaysia. 14 March 2011. Diarkib ari asal on 11 February 2015. Diambi 28 January 2015.
  68. ↑ "Press release: INTERNATIONAL HYDRO POWER ASSOCIATION TO BRING WORLD CONGRESS TO SARAWAK, BORNEO IN 2013". Bernama. Malaysia. 14 July 2011. Diarkib ari asal on 14 July 2014. Diambi 28 January 2015.
  69. ↑ "ASEAN Tourism Forum 2014". unwto.org. World Tourism Organization. Diarkib ari asal on 21 March 2015. Diambi 3 July 2015. ATF 2014 was held in Kuching in the Malaysian province of Sarawak from the 16th- 23rd of January.
  70. ↑ Tan, Kevin; Ho, Janet (6 February 2014). "500 for Historic Routes Asia Conference". New Sarawak Tribune. Diarkib ari asal on 4 July 2015. Diambi 3 July 2015.
  71. ↑ "Kuching now a permanent venue for Aiffa". The Borneo Post. Malaysia. 19 June 2014. Diarkib ari asal on 18 August 2014. Diambi 28 August 2015.
  72. ↑ "Kuching Port celebrated 44th Anniversary". ASEAN Ports Association. Diarkib ari asal on 5 June 2010. Diambi 21 October 2015.
  73. ↑ "Introduction: Port Information". Kuching Port Authority. Diambi 21 October 2015.
  74. ↑ "Terminals". Kuching Port Authority. Diambi 21 October 2015.
  75. ↑ 75.0 75.1 Jonathan Chia (25 July 2013). "New landscaping for oldest roundabout". The Borneo Post. Diarkib ari asal on 8 June 2014. Diambi 8 June 2014.
  76. ↑ Lawrence Tseu (2006). "URBAN TRANSPORT GROWTH: THE CHALLENGES AHEAD – THE NEW REALISM AND INSTITUTIONAL CHANGES" (PDF). State Planning Unit, Chief Minister’s Office, Sarawak (Fourth Sabah-Sarawak Environmental Convention). Sabah State Government. pp. 11/23. Diarkib ari asal (PDF) on 14 September 2012. Diambi 8 June 2014.
  77. ↑ Martin Carvalho; Yuen Meiking; Rahimy Rahim (25 October 2012). "Pan Borneo Highway to be upgraded". The Star. Diambi 8 June 2014.
  78. ↑ Lonely Planet; Daniel Robinson; Adam Karlin; Paul Stiles (1 May 2013). Lonely Planet Borneo. Lonely Planet. pp. 276–. ISBN 978-1-74321-651-4.
  79. ↑ Jacky (17 March 2014). "Taxi booking app MyTeksi launches in Kuching, one of the most improbable Malaysian city". Vulcan Post. Yahoo! News. Diarkib ari asal on 8 June 2014. Diambi 8 June 2014.
  80. ↑ "Kuching Metro". kuchingmetro.my.
  81. ↑ Sharon Kong (12 February 2014). "Kuching Sentral system boosts bus companies' sales and revenues". The Borneo Post. Diarkib ari asal on 8 June 2014. Diambi 8 June 2014.
  82. ↑ "Kuching Bus Terminal". Express Bus Malaysia. Diarkib ari asal on 8 June 2014. Diambi 8 June 2014.
  83. ↑ "Kuching Sentral". e-tawau. 24 March 2013. Diarkib ari asal on 8 June 2014. Diambi 8 June 2014.
  84. ↑ John Teo (9 March 2012). "Stand-off over Kuching Sentral". New Straits Times. AsiaOne. Diarkib ari asal ba 8 June 2014. Diambi 8 June 2014.
  85. ↑ Outlook Publishing (September 2008). Outlook Traveller. Outlook Publishing. pp. 69–.
  86. ↑ Sarawak. Jabatan Kerja Raya (1974). Annual Report.
  87. ↑ "Tanah Puteh". The Straits Times. National Library Board. 7 June 1961. p. 8. Diambi 9 June 2014.
  88. ↑ "About Kuching International Airport". Malaysia Airports Holdings Berhad. Diambi 28 January 2015.
  89. ↑ "2013 Annual Report" (PDF). Malaysia Airports Holdings Berhad. Diarkib ari asal (PDF) on 20 April 2015. Diambi 28 Januari 2015.
  90. ↑ "Malaysia Airlines". Hahn Air. Diambi 28 January 2015.
  91. ↑ "The Air Asia Family". Air Asia. Diambi 28 January 2015.
  92. ↑ "MASWings". MASWings. Diarkib ari asal on 20 May 2014. Diambi 28 January 2015.
  93. ↑ "Kuching Court". Kuching High Court. Diarkib ari asal on 10 June 2014. Diambi 10 June 2014.
  94. ↑ "KUCHING CITY NORTH - PETRA JAYA" (PDF). Sarawak Property Bulletin. CH Williams Talhar Wong & Yeo Sdn Bhd. July–September 2006. p. 3. Diambi 10 June 2014.
  95. ↑ "Structure of The Court (STRUCTURE OF THE HIGH COURT IN SABAH & SARAWAK)". The High Court in Sabah and Sarawak. Diarkib ari asal on 30 March 2014. Diambi 10 June 2014.
  96. ↑ "Name And Address of the State Syariah Judiciary Office". E-Syariah. Diarkib ari asal on 10 June 2014. Diambi 10 June 2014.
  97. ↑ "Native Courts of Sarawak". Sarawak Native Court. Diarkib ari asal on 10 June 2014. Diambi 10 June 2014.
  98. ↑ "Alamat Ibu Pejabat Polis Diraja Malaysia (Kuching)". Federal Secretary Office, Sarawak. Diarkib ari asal on 10 June 2014. Diambi 10 June 2014.
  99. ↑ "Direktori PDRM Sarawak - Kuching" (id jaku Melayu). Royal Malaysia Police. Diarkib ari asal on 3 June 2020. Diambi 1 August 2015.
  100. ↑ "Sarawak aims to recruit 2,280 volunteer reserves by 2017". Federal Secretary Office, Sarawak. 16 November 2014. Diarkib ari asal on 27 February 2015. Diambi 28 January 2015.
  101. ↑ "Kuching Prison Complex officially opened". The Star. 6 July 2012. Diarkib ari asal on 10 June 2014. Diambi 10 June 2014.
  102. ↑ "Health in Sarawak". Sarawak State Government. Diarkib ari asal on 10 June 2014. Diambi 10 June 2014.
  103. ↑ "Hospital Program". Sarawak State Health Department. Diarkib ari asal on 10 June 2014. Diambi 10 June 2014.
  104. ↑ "History of Sentosa Hospital" (PDF) (id jaku Melayu). Sarawak State Health Department. p. 1. Diarkib ari asal (PDF) on 14 July 2014. Diambi 10 June 2014.
  105. ↑ "About us (Overview)". Normah Medical Specialist Centre. Diarkib ari asal on 10 June 2014. Diambi 10 June 2014.
  106. ↑ "About us". Borneo Medical Centre. Diarkib ari asal on 10 June 2014. Diambi 10 June 2014.
  107. ↑ "Hospitals based in Malaysia". Hospital Directory Asia. Diarkib ari asal on 28 August 2015. Diambi 28 August 2015.
  108. ↑ "KPJ Healthcare". Kuching Specialist Hospital. Diambi 10 June 2014.
  109. ↑ 109.0 109.1 "SENARAI SEKOLAH MENENGAH DI NEGERI SARAWAK (List of Secondary Schools in Sarawak) – See Kuching" (PDF). Educational Management Information System. Diarkib ari asal (PDF) on 27 February 2015. Diambi 9 June 2014.
  110. ↑ "砂拉越华文独中通讯录 (Communication directory of Sarawak Chinese independent schools)" (id jaku Cina). Diarkib ari asal on 31 December 2013. Diambi 1 March 2015.
  111. ↑ Tuah, Yvonne (1 July 2013). "Tunku Putra School offers unique education platform in Kuching". The Borneo Post. Diarkib ari asal on 9 May 2015. Diambi 9 May 2015.
  112. ↑ "Lodge International School celebrates best IGCSE results in school history". New Sarawak Tribune. 31 January 2015. Diarkib ari asal on 9 May 2015. Diambi 9 May 2015.
  113. ↑ Umpang, Matthew (21 October 2014). "Iconic Sunny Hill a 'time-tested' school". The Borneo Post. Diarkib ari asal on 9 May 2015. Diambi 9 May 2015.
  114. ↑ Aubrey, Samuel (7 January 2012). "St Joseph's Private Schools open". The Borneo Post. Diarkib ari asal on 15 April 2012. Diambi 9 May 2015.
  115. ↑ Rudy Rukimin Rambli (5 February 2008). "Samarahan Semakin Pesat Berkembang" (id jaku Melayu). Bernama. Diarkib ari asal on 9 June 2014. Diambi 9 June 2014.
  116. ↑ Yu Ji (1 December 2013). "Striving for two-fold increase". The Star. Diarkib ari asal on 9 June 2014. Diambi 9 June 2014.
  117. ↑ "PPKS Ilmu buys Inti College facility for RM22mil". The Star. 29 November 2013. Diarkib ari asal on 9 June 2014. Diambi 9 June 2014.
  118. ↑ "Help realise SCORE dream, technical education institutions urged". The Star. 4 December 2013. Diarkib ari asal on 9 June 2014. Diambi 9 June 2014.
  119. ↑ "Sarawak State Library: Our Background". Sarawak State Library. Diarkib ari asal on 4 June 2014. Diambi 4 June 2014.
  120. ↑ "Sarawak State Library: Public Library Services". Sarawak State Library. Diarkib ari asal on 4 June 2014. Diambi 4 June 2014.
  121. ↑ "Introduction to DBKU city library". librarynet.com.my. Diarkib ari asal on 27 February 2015. Diambi 28 January 2015.
  122. ↑ "Discover Sarawak Museum's architectural origins". The Borneo Post Seeds. 27 July 2015. Diarkib ari asal on 3 August 2018. Diambi 3 August 2018.
  123. ↑ Alice Yen Ho (1998). Old Kuching. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-983-56-0050-0.
  124. ↑ Robert L. Winzeler (January 2004). The Architecture of Life and Death in Borneo. University of Hawaii Press. pp. 160–. ISBN 978-0-8248-2632-1.
  125. ↑ Jan van Harssel; Richard H Jackson; Lloyd E. Hudman (23 January 2014). National Geographic Learning's Visual Geography of Travel and Tourism. Cengage Learning. pp. 530–. ISBN 978-1-305-17647-8.
  126. ↑ "Sarawak Museum Department". museum.sarawak.gov.my. Diambi 2022-09-23.
  127. ↑ Asiatechnology. Review Publishing Company Limited.
  128. ↑ "Main Bazaar and Carpenter Street". Kuching: Sarawak Tourism. Diambi 7 March 2017.
  129. ↑ "Explore Kuching Heritage in 2 hours". Kuching: Sarawak Tourism. 14 September 2012. Diarkib ari asal on 7 February 2015. Diambi 7 March 2017.
  130. ↑ Charles de Ledesma; Mark Lewis; Pauline Savage (2000). The Rough Guide to Malaysia, Singapore & Brunei. Rough Guides. ISBN 978-1-85828-565-8.
  131. ↑ "Call for nomination of Kuching Waterfront to become Unesco World Heritage site". The Borneo Post. 19 November 2014. Diambi 23 January 2019.
  132. ↑ Geryl Ogilvy (30 November 2017). "Improving Kuching's chances of receiving Unesco recognition". The Star. Diambi 23 January 2019.
  133. ↑ 133.0 133.1 "Talang Satang National Park a sanctuary for endangered turtles". Bernama. The Borneo Post. 20 March 2012. Diarkib ari asal on 6 August 2014. Diambi 6 August 2014.
  134. ↑ 134.0 134.1 "Talang-Satang National Park". Sarawak Forestry Corporation. Diarkib ari asal on 6 August 2014. Diambi 6 August 2014.
  135. ↑ 135.0 135.1 "Santubong Peninsula (Damai Beach Resort and its surrounding)". e-tawau. 4 April 2013. Diarkib ari asal on 6 August 2014. Diambi 6 August 2014.
  136. ↑ 136.0 136.1 Jane Bickersteth; Amanda Hinton (1996). Malaysia & Singapore Handbook. Footprint Handbooks. ISBN 978-0-8442-4909-4.
  137. ↑ "About Damai Golf". Damai Golf and Country Club. Diarkib ari asal on 30 July 2014. Diambi 6 August 2014.
  138. ↑ Helen Oon (2008). Malaysia. New Holland Publishers. pp. 60–. ISBN 978-1-84537-971-1.
  139. ↑ "Islands and Beaches of Sarawak (Damai Beach, Santubong Peninsula)". e-tawau. 6 August 2013. Diarkib ari asal on 6 August 2014. Diambi 6 August 2014.
  140. ↑ "Bako National Park". Sarawak forestry cooperation. Diarkib ari asal on 29 January 2015. Diambi 28 January 2015.
  141. ↑ "Introducing Kuching Wetlands National Park". Lonely Planet. Diarkib ari asal on 11 February 2015. Diambi 28 January 2015.
  142. ↑ "Semenggoh Wildlife Centre". Sarawak forestry cooperation. Diarkib ari asal on 11 February 2015. Diambi 28 January 2015.
  143. ↑ "Gunung Gading National Park". Sarawak forestry cooperation. Diarkib ari asal on 4 August 2014. Diambi 28 January 2015.
  144. ↑ "Kubah National Park". Sarawak forestry cooperation. Diarkib ari asal on 2 December 2013. Diambi 28 January 2015.
  145. ↑ "Lundu Tourists Attractions is a mixture of nature beauty and sandy beaches". Sarawak -vacations-destinations.com. Diarkib ari asal on 23 June 2013. Diambi 28 January 2015.
  146. ↑ "Welcome to Borneo Highlands Resort". Borneo Highlands Resort. Diarkib ari asal on 21 January 2015. Diambi 28 January 2015.
  147. ↑ 147.0 147.1 Craft Arts International. Craft Art Pty. Limited. 1994.
  148. ↑ "Zacharevic moves on to five more masterpieces on Kuching walls". The Borneo Post. 29 April 2014. Diambi 4 August 2015.
  149. ↑ "Satok Weekend Market". Sarawak Tourism. Diarkib ari asal on 21 October 2020. Diambi 7 March 2017.
  150. ↑ "TGV to open first cinema in Sarawak next year". The Sun. 28 July 2013. Diarkib ari asal on 15 September 2018. Diambi 21 December 2015.
  151. ↑ "Bookaroo Festival Kuching 2016". Bookaroo. Diarkib ari asal on 21 April 2017. Diambi 21 April 2017.
  152. ↑ "Bookaroo Festival Kuching 2017". Bookaroo. Diarkib ari asal on 21 April 2017. Diambi 21 April 2017.
  153. ↑ "Rainforest World Music Festival - Tips for enjoying the RWMF near Kuching in Sarawak, Borneo". goasia. Diarkib ari asal on 10 July 2014. Diambi 28 January 2015. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help)
  154. ↑ "Rainforest World Music Festival - Join tens of thousands of melody-makers and party-goers in the Malaysian jungle for a three day-long celebration of diverse musical styles from around the globe". fest300.com. Diarkib ari asal on 24 October 2014. Diambi 28 January 2015.
  155. ↑ "7 Biggest Music Festivals in Asia for 2014". asiarooms.com. Diarkib ari asal ba 28 August 2014. Diambi 28 January 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  156. ↑ "RWMF among 25 top festivals". The Star. 8 April 2011. Diarkib ari asal on 11 February 2015. Diambi 28 January 2015.
  157. ↑ "Australian Consulate in Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia". Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Australia. Diarkib ari asal on 23 June 2014. Diambi 3 June 2014.
  158. ↑ "Consulate General of Brunei Darussalam in Kuching, Sarawak Malaysia". Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Brunei. Diarkib ari asal on 6 Jun 2014. Diambi 3 Jun 2014.
  159. ↑ "Chinese Consulate-General in Kuching (Malaysia)". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, China. Diambi 3 June 2014.
  160. ↑ "Danish Consulates". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Denmark. Diarkib ari asal on 6 June 2014. Diambi 3 June 2014.
  161. ↑ "Consulate". Embassy of France in Kuala Lumpur. Diarkib ari asal on 6 Jun 2014. Diambi 3 Jun 2014.
  162. ↑ "Consulate General of the Republic of Indonesia, Kuching". Consulate General of Indonesia, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia. Diarkib ari asal on 5 Jun 2014. Diambi 4 Jun 2014.
  163. ↑ "Honorary Consulates in Malaysia" (PDF). European External Action Service. Diambi 2 June 2013.
  164. ↑ "Supporting British nationals in Malaysia". Government of the United Kingdom. Diarkib ari asal on 14 July 2014. Diambi 4 June 2014. Working with local partners and honorary representatives in Penang, Langkawi, Kota Kinabalu and Kuching to assist British nationals
  165. ↑ "DBKU and Bai ethnic group sign letter of intent". The Borneo Post. 7 May 2015. Diarkib ari asal on 8 May 2015. Diambi 8 May 2015.
  166. ↑ InKunming (20 April 2012). "Kunming and Kuching build sister city relations". en.kunming.cn. Diarkib ari asal on 4 June 2014. Diambi 9 August 2012.
  167. ↑ Matthew Hoekstra (26 April 2012). "Richmond to become 16th sister of Xiamen". Richmond Review. Diarkib ari asal on 4 June 2014. Diambi 4 June 2014. Richmond will be Xiamen's first Canadian sister city and fourth in North America, where Xiamen's other friends are Baltimore, Md., Sarasota, Fla. and Guadalajara, Mexico. Its other sister cities are Cardiff, Wales; Sasebo, Japan; Cebu, Philippines; Wellington, New Zealand; Penang, Malaysia; Marathon, Greece; Sunshine Coast, Australia; Kaunas, Lithuania; Zoetermeer, Netherlands; Kuching, Malaysia; Surabaya, Indonesia; and Mokpo, South Korea.
  168. ↑ "Cities abroad keen to forge ties with Kuching". New Straits Times. 2 August 2012. Diarkib ari asal on 4 June 2014. Diambi 4 June 2014.
  169. ↑ M Zezen Zainal M (21 September 2019). "Sarawak Malaysia Jajaki Kerjasama Sister City dengan Kota Bandung" [Sarawak Malaysia Establish Sister City Co-operation with Bandung City] (id jaku Indonesia). Bandung Kita. Diarkib ari asal on 26 September 2019. Diambi 26 September 2019.
  170. ↑ Brilliant Awal (21 September 2019). "Sarawak Malaysia Ajak Kota Bandung Jadi Sister City" [Sarawak Malaysia Invites Bandung City To Become Sister City] (id jaku Indonesia). Gala Media News. Diarkib ari asal on 26 September 2019. Diambi 26 September 2019.
  171. ↑ 171.0 171.1 171.2 171.3 171.4 Yu Ji (27 August 2011). "Kuching bags one of only two coveted 'Tourist City Award' in Asia". The Star. Diambi 1 July 2015.
  172. ↑ Rendra Oxtora; Aria Cindyara; Fardah Assegaf (9 July 2019). "Sarawak Chambers explore cooperation with Singkawang". Antara. Diarkib ari asal on 26 September 2019. Diambi 26 September 2019.
  173. ↑ Eve Sonary Heng (30 August 2012). "MBKS establishes relationship with Korean city". The Borneo Post. Diarkib ari asal on 4 June 2014. Diambi 4 June 2014.

Nota

edit
 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kuching.

Templat:Wikivoyage

  1. ↑ "Mata Kucing is a close relative of Longan (Euphoria longana)" (PDF). Diarkib ari asal (PDF) on 19 Mac 2014. Diambi 6 Jun 2014.
  2. ↑ "Mata Kucing is similar to that of Longan fruit". Diarkib ari asal on 23 September 2015. Diambi 6 June 2014.
  3. ↑ Not to be confused with Padawan municipality.


Diambi ari "https://iba.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kuching&oldid=5678"