Peru
Peru,[lower-alpha 5] (nama resmi: Republik Peru),[lower-alpha 6] iya nya sebuah menua ba barat Amerika Selatan. Menua tu bekunsi garis entara menua ba utara enggau Ecuador sereta Colombia, ba timur enggau Brazil, ba tenggara enggau Bolivia, ba selatan enggau Chile, lalu ba selatan enggau barat enggau Tasik Pasifik. Peru nyadi sebengkah menua megadiverse enggau habitat ti berengkah ari tanah rata ti kering ba pelilih menua tebing tasik Pasifik di barat nyentuk ngagai punchak gunung Andes ti ngerembai ari utara ngagai tenggara menua nya nyentuk ngagai kampung ujan lembangan Amazon tropika di timur enggau Sungai Amazon.[11] Peru ngembuan penyampau tubuh lebih ari 32 juta iku, lalu indu nengeri enggau nengeri ke pemadu besai iya nya Lima. Enggau pemesai 1,285,216 km2 (496,225 bt2), Peru nyadi menua ke-19 pemadu besai di dunya, lalu ketiga pemadu besai di Amerika Selatan.
Republic of Peru | |
|---|---|
 Menira
 Lambang menua
| |
| Rambai jaku: "Firme y feliz por la unión" (Sepanyol) "Firm and Happy for the Union" | |
| Anthem: "Himno Nacional del Perú" (Sepanyol) "National Anthem of Peru" | |
National seal Great Seal of the State | |
 Location of Peru (dark green) | |
| Indu menua enggau nengeri ke pemadu besai | Lima 12°2.6′S 77°1.7′W / 12.0433°S 77.0283°W |
| Jaku resmi | Spanish |
| Co-official languages[lower-alpha 2] | |
| Raban bansa (2017)[lower-alpha 3] |
|
| Pengarap (2017[lower-alpha 4])[1] |
|
| Demonim | Peruvian |
| Perintah | Unitary semi-presidential republic[2][3] |
| Dina Boluarte | |
| Vacant | |
| Gustavo Adrianzén | |
| Alejandro Soto Reyes | |
| Dewan Undangan Negeri | Congress of the Republic |
| Independence from Spain | |
• Declared | 28 July 1821 |
| 9 December 1824 | |
• Recognized | 14 August 1879 |
| Menua | |
• Pemesai | 1,285,216[4][5] km2 (496,225 bt2) (19th) |
• Ai (%) | 0.41 |
| Penyampau tubuh | |
• 2023 estimate | 34,352,720[6] (43rd) |
• Pemayuh tubuh | 23/km2 (59.6/sq mi) (197th) |
| GDP (PPP) | 2024 estimate |
• Total |  $566.582 billion[7] (45th) |
• Per capita | $16,631[7] (97th) |
| GDP (nominal) | 2024 estimate |
• Total | $282.458 billion[7] (49th) |
• Per capita | $8,291[7] (86th) |
| Gini (2021) |  40.2[8]medium |
| HDI (2022) | 0.762[9] high · 87th |
| Mata duit | Peruvian sol (PEN) |
| Zon jam | UTC−5 (PET) |
| Date format | dd/mm/yyyy (CE) |
| Tisi deriba | right |
| Kod talipaun | +51 |
| Kod ISO 3166 | PE |
| TLD Internet | .pe |
Nota
edit- ↑ In Peru, other languages have been officially recognized as legitimate autochthonous languages, which are co-official alongside Spanish in those areas where they predominate.
- Quechua: Piruw Ripuwlika
- Templat:Lang-ay
- ↑ In those areas where they predominate.
- ↑ The 2017 National Census included, for the first time, a question of ethnic self-identification that was addressed to people aged 12 and over considering elements such as their ancestry, their customs and their family origin to visualize and better understand the cultural reality of the country.
- ↑ The question about religion included in the 2017 National Census was addressed to people aged 12 and over.
- ↑ /pəˈruː/ Templat:Respell; Sepanyol: Perú [peˈɾu]; Quechua: Piruw [pɪɾʊw];[10] Templat:Lang-ay Templat:IPA-all
- ↑ Sepanyol:
Malin
edit- ↑ "Perú: Perfil Sociodemográfico" (PDF). Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática. p. 231. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 February 2020. Retrieved 27 September 2018.
- ↑ Shugart, Matthew Søberg (September 2005). "Semi-Presidential Systems: Dual Executive and Mixed Authority Patterns" (PDF). Graduate School of International Relations and Pacific Studies. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 August 2008. Retrieved 31 August 2017.
- ↑ Shugart, Matthew Søberg (December 2005). "Semi-Presidential Systems: Dual Executive And Mixed Authority Patterns". French Politics. 3 (3): 323–351. doi:10.1057/palgrave.fp.8200087. ISSN 1476-3427. OCLC 6895745903.
Only in Latin America have all new democracies retained a pure presidential form, except for Peru (president-parliamentary) and Bolivia (assembly-independent).
- ↑ "Peru". Central Intelligence Agency. 27 February 2023. Archived from the original on 10 January 2021. Retrieved 24 February 2023 – via CIA.gov.
- ↑ United Nations. "Population, including UN projections, 2023". Archived from the original on 26 February 2023. Retrieved 25 February 2023.
- ↑ United Nations. "Population, including UN projections, 2023". Archived from the original on 26 February 2023. Retrieved 25 February 2023.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. (Peru)". International Monetary Fund. 10 October 2023. Archived from the original on 29 October 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
- ↑ "Gini Index". World Bank. Archived from the original on 3 March 2024. Retrieved 12 March 2024.
- ↑ "Human Development Report 2023/24" (PDF) (in Inggeris). United Nations Development Programme. 13 March 2024. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 March 2024. Retrieved 13 March 2024.
- ↑ Quechua name used by government of Peru is Perú (see Quechua-language version of Peru Parliament website Archived 30 Julai 2010 at the Wayback Machine and Quechua-language version of Peru Constitution but common Quechua name is Piruw
- ↑ "Perú: País megadiverso" [Peru: Megadiverse country] (PDF) (in Sepanyol). Servicio Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 June 2014.