Batang Kapuas
Batang Kapuas nya siti sungai ba bagi menua Indonesian di pulau Borneo, ba pusat geografi Asia Tenggara Maritim. Sungai tu ngembuan pemanjai 1,143 kilometers (710 bt), sungai tu nyadi sungai ke pemadu panjai ba Borneo sereta ba Indonesia[9][10] lalu nyadi siti ari sungai ke pemadu panjai ba dunya.[11] Bunsu sungai tu ari kandang endur gunung Müller ba tengah-tengah pulau Borneo lalu ngelayang ba aruh barat ngagai Tasik China Selatan nempa delta paya ti ditambah. Delta tu bepalan ba barat-barat daya Pontianak, indu nengeri provinsi Kalimantan Barat.[12] Sungai Kapuas tu patut dibida ari Sungai Kapuas ke bukai, ti bepun ari seberai bukit ti sama ba tengah Borneo tang ngelayang ke selatan, begempung enggau Sungai Barito lalu mansutka ai ngagai Tasik Jawa.
| Batang Kapuas | |
|---|---|
 Aerial view of Kapuas river | |
 | |
| Location | |
| Country | Indonesia |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Source | |
| • location | Mount Raya at Müller Mountain Range |
| • elevation | 2,278 m (7,474 ka) |
| Mouth | |
• location | South China Sea |
• coordinates | 0°4′0″S 109°10′59″E / 0.06667°S 109.18306°E |
• elevation | 0 m (0 ka) units? |
| Length | 1,143 km (710 bt)[1] units? |
| Basin size | 98,749 km2 (38,127 bt2)[2] units? |
| Depth | |
| • maximum | 40 m (130 ka)[1] to 50 m (160 ka)[2] |
| Discharge | |
| • location | Kapuas Delta, South China Sea, Indonesia, Borneo (Kalimantan) |
| • average | (Period: 2016–2020)7,803 m3/s (275,600 ka3/s)[3]
(Period: 2003–2016)6,012 m3/s (212,300 ka3/s)[4] (Period: 1971–2000)6,260.1 m3/s (221,070 ka3/s)[5] (5,500 m3/s (190,000 ka3/s) to 6,500 m3/s (230,000 ka3/s)[2][6][7] units? |
| • minimum | 2,000 m3/s (71,000 ka3/s)–3,000 m3/s (110,000 ka3/s)[2][1] units? |
| • maximum | 8,900 m3/s (310,000 ka3/s)–9,000 m3/s (320,000 ka3/s)[2][1] 22,000 m3/s (780,000 ka3/s) units? |
| Discharge | |
| • location | Sanggau (285 km upstream of mouth; Basin size: 77,000 km2 (30,000 bt2) |
| • average | (Period: 2000–2015)5,900 m3/s (210,000 ka3/s)[2]
(Period: 2013–2015)5,220 m3/s (184,000 ka3/s)[1] (Period: 1971–2000)5,069.3 m3/s (179,020 ka3/s)[5] |
| • minimum | 1,117 m3/s (39,400 ka3/s)[1] |
| • maximum | 9,394 m3/s (331,700 ka3/s)[1] |
| Discharge | |
| • location | Putussibau (902 km upstream of mouth; Basin size: 9,800 km2 (3,800 bt2) |
| • average | (Period: 1971–2000)886.3 m3/s (31,300 ka3/s)[5] 674 m3/s (23,800 ka3/s) |
| Basin features | |
| River system | Kapuas basin (DAS320470)[8] |
| Tributaries | |
| • left | Bungan, Keriau, Manday, Bunut, Embau, Silat, Melawi, Tempunak, Sepauk, Sekadau |
| • right | Mandalam, Sibau, Awin, Palin, Embaloh, Tawang, Ketungau, Belitang, Sekayam, Tayan, Landak |
Malin
edit- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Ralat Lua pada baris 3162 di Modul:Citation/CS1: attempt to call field 'year_check' (a nil value).
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Ralat Lua pada baris 3162 di Modul:Citation/CS1: attempt to call field 'year_check' (a nil value).
- ↑ Ralat Lua pada baris 3162 di Modul:Citation/CS1: attempt to call field 'year_check' (a nil value).
- ↑ Ting-Hsuan, Huang; Chen-Tung, Arthur Chen; Hsiao-Chun, Tseng; Jiann-Yuh, Lou; Shu Lun, Wang; Liyang, Yang; Selvaraj, Kandasamy; Xuelu, Gao; Jough-Tai, Wang; Edvin, Aldrian; G.S., Jacinto; Gusti Z., Anshari; Penjai, Sompongchaiyakul; B.J., Wang (May 2017). "Riverine carbon fluxes to the South China Sea: Riverine carbon fluxes to the SCS". Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences. 122 (5): 1239–1259. doi:10.1002/2016JG003701. S2CID 135024272.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 "Kalimantan-Borneo".
- ↑ "Indonesia-Integrated Swamps Development Project" (PDF). November 1992. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 February 2022. Retrieved 5 February 2022.
- ↑ Radhika, Radhika; Firmansyah, Rendy; Hatmoko, Waluyo (Nov 2017). "Computation of surface water availability in Indonesia based on satellite data". Jurnal Sumber Daya Air. 13 (2): 115–130. doi:10.32679/jsda.v13i2.206. Archived from the original on 14 February 2022. Retrieved 10 April 2023.
- ↑ Hukum Online. "Keputusan Menteri Kehutanan No. SK.511/MENHUT-V/2011" (in Indonesia).
- ↑ Penyalat nyebut: Tag
<ref>tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernamab1 - ↑ MacKinnon, p. 133
- ↑ Penyalat nyebut: Tag
<ref>tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernamaSM - ↑ Kapuas River Archived 26 April 2015 at the Wayback Machine, Encyclopædia Britannica on-line